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Polish grammar, explained simply

Short guides to the parts of Polish that trip beginners up — each one with real examples and a quick self-check.

• The Polish alphabet: how to read every letter All 32 Polish letters with sound: tap a letter to hear it
• Gender in Polish: masculine, feminine, neuter Polish gender is readable off the last letter almost every time
• być — the Polish verb 'to be' The full present tense of być, why Polish keeps ‘jestem’ where Russian drops it, and the case trap in ‘jestem studentem’
• Polish verbs in the present: the three conjugations Three endings patterns cover almost every Polish verb in the present tense
• The Polish past tense: byłem, byłam, byliśmy How Polish builds the past tense: one stem, gender in the singular, and a plural that splits by whether men are involved
• Perfective and imperfective: Polish verb aspect Why Polish verbs come in pairs, what each half does, and how the two behave in the past and the future
• The seven Polish cases, and what each one is for What each of the seven Polish cases does, which questions it answers, and which ones a beginner actually needs first
• Biernik: the Polish accusative case The case almost every Polish verb takes: four endings, one animacy rule, and the negation trap that turns it into the genitive
• Dopełniacz: the Polish genitive case The busiest case in Polish: negation, absence, possession, quantities and dates
• Miejscownik: saying where, in Polish The case that never appears without a preposition
• Polish plurals, and the split nobody warns you about How Polish forms plurals, and why a group of men takes different endings from a group of anything else — the one plural rule your own language does not have
• Polish numbers from 0 to 100 Polish numbers 0 to 100 with pronunciation, the dwa/dwie split, and how to answer ‘Ile masz lat?’